| Japanese marine collagen tripeptide | Collagen from fish skin or scales broken down into three-amino-acid fragments, produced in Japan; the tripeptide form is used in supplements for its small molecular size. |
| Sterilised bird's nest powder | Dried, powdered edible nest of the swiftlet (Aerodramus species), heat-treated for safety; a traditional Chinese food consumed as a tonic since the seventh century. |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic acid, an essential water-soluble vitamin obtained from fruit and vegetables and widely added to supplements. |
