| Lutein | A carotenoid found in leafy greens and egg yolk. It accumulates in the macula of the eye and is widely studied for its role in filtering blue light. |
| Mulberry powder | Dried and powdered fruit or leaf of Morus species, a traditional East Asian food ingredient rich in anthocyanins. |
| Bilberry extract | Extract of Vaccinium myrtillus berries, a European relative of the blueberry, used in supplements for its anthocyanin content. |
| Blackcurrant extract | Extract of Ribes nigrum berries, a source of anthocyanins and vitamin C. |
| Ginkgo leaf extract | Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, commonly standardised for its flavonoid and terpene content; one of the most widely used botanical extracts worldwide. |
| Beta-carotene | A plant pigment the body converts to vitamin A, which is needed for normal vision. |
